Theopreneurship: Kerangka Teologis Integratif untuk Merekonstruksi Kewirausahaan sebagai Partisipasi dalam Missio Dei

Abstract

Abstract

Scholarship at the intersection of theology and entrepreneurship has grown along several lines—Christian Entrepreneurship, Business as Mission (BAM), Marketplace Ministry, Faith-Based Entrepreneurship, Theology of Work, and Catholic Social Teaching (CST). Much of it, however, stays on ethical, practical, or functional ground and never reaches the more basic question: what is the ontological basis of entrepreneurship from a Christian perspective? This study addresses that gap by formulating an Integrative Theological Framework for Theopreneurship. Using a qualitative method and conceptual reconstruction, it rereads the doctrine of creation alongside Imago Dei, the cultural mandate, vocation, stewardship, creativity, leadership, innovation, and Missio Dei, and arranges them into four interdependent, hierarchical dimensions: ontological, normative, operational, and missional. The finding is that theopreneurship is neither entrepreneurship with a Christian label nor a tool for church ministry. It is a theological framework that places entrepreneurship within the Gospel of the Kingdom—the extension of God's rule over all creation—rather than reducing it to individual access to salvation. The study makes three contributions: a coherent, layered conceptual framework; a shift of focus from "how Christians do business" to "why human beings have the capacity for it"; and a theoretical basis for empirical research, theological education, and cross-cultural, cross-denominational practice.

Keywords: Theopreneurship; Imago Dei; Missio Dei; Cultural Mandate; Christian Entrepreneurship.

Abstrak

Kajian tentang teologi dan kewirausahaan sudah cukup lama berjalan melalui beberapa arus, seperti Christian Entrepreneurship, Business as Mission (BAM), Marketplace Ministry, Faith-Based Entrepreneurship, Theology of Work, dan Catholic Social Teaching (CST). Sayangnya, sebagian besar literatur di arus-arus itu masih berkutat pada soal etika, praktik, atau fungsi, dan belum sampai pada pertanyaan yang lebih mendasar: apa dasar ontologis kewirausahaan dalam perspektif Kristen? Penelitian ini hendak menutup celah tersebut dengan merumuskan Kerangka Teologis Integratif Theopreneurship. Melalui metode kualitatif dan rekonstruksi konseptual, penelitian ini membaca ulang doktrin penciptaan bersama Imago Dei, mandat budaya, panggilan, penatalayanan, kreativitas, kepemimpinan, inovasi, dan Missio Dei, lalu menyusunnya menjadi empat dimensi yang saling bertingkat: ontologis, normatif, operasional, dan misioner. Temuannya, theopreneurship bukan kewirausahaan berlabel Kristen atau alat pelayanan gereja. Ia adalah kerangka teologis yang menempatkan kewirausahaan sebagai bagian dari Gospel of the Kingdom, yakni meluasnya pemerintahan Allah atas seluruh ciptaan, bukan sekadar jalan masuk keselamatan pribadi. Ada tiga sumbangan: kerangka konseptual yang runtut dan bertingkat; pergeseran fokus dari "bagaimana orang Kristen berwirausaha" ke "mengapa manusia punya kapasitas untuk itu"; serta pijakan teoretis bagi penelitian empiris, pendidikan teologi, dan praktik lintas budaya dan denominasi.

Kata Kunci: Theopreneurship; Imago Dei; Missio Dei; Mandat Budaya; Kewirausahaan Kristen.